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Exercise: Reconstruct a documentary timeline
Which date locates the creation of the record? A document was produced in 1910, published in 1950, digitised in 2018 and captured online in 2024.
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Exercise: Compare an indicator across countries
Do two portals amount to two independent measurements? Two portals report 42 for the same indicator and country. Both records cite the same original producer.
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Exercise: Check a scholarly reference
Which relationship must be checked before merging the records? Two records have similar titles. Their DOIs differ and one describes a correction to the article.
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Exercise: Compare a health indicator
Which dimensions prevent a direct comparison? One value represents observed cases; another is a modelled estimate. Years and populations also differ.
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Exercise: Compare an education statistic
Would a join on year alone be justified? One series covers higher education by calendar year; another covers all levels by school year.
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Exercise: Read an international employment rate
What can be calculated without claiming the rates are comparable? Both series display 60%. The first covers 1,000 people, the second 2,000 with a different age range.
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Exercise: Compare imagery of an area
Which footprint can actually be compared? One scene covers the whole area with clouds; another covers only a clear half using a different collection.
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Exercise: Connect a domain to its infrastructure
Does the June ASN necessarily describe January? A domain uses IP address A in January and B in June. ASN information is recorded only in June.
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Exercise: Recover the version actually cited
Which version can support a reference to page 24? A 2023 manuscript and a 2024 edition share a title. The cited page exists only in the 2024 edition.
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Exercise: Distinguish researchers with the same name
Which identifier cannot identify a person? Two records share initials and surname. They list different personal identifiers and affiliations.
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Exercise: Find the data behind a publication
Which version is needed to attempt reproduction? The article points to dataset version 1. The current download supplies version 2 with changed files.
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Exercise: Compare registered protocol and published result
What is established without attributing a cause to the change? The protocol specifies endpoint A before the study. The article presents endpoint B as primary without explaining the change.
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Exercise: Check a journal and a specific article
Which discrepancy must be resolved at article level? A journal appears in a directory. The article DOI record points to a different journal title.
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Exercise: Cross-check a mapped feature
Which check comes before overlaying the objects? A point and polygon share a name. The polygon layer is older and uses another coordinate reference system.
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Exercise: Follow a US federal contract lead
Why would a total of 180 not represent a payment? An award reports 100 in obligations and 80 in payments for one fiscal year. A company record has a name similar to the recipient.
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Exercise: Compare interest-representation disclosures
Which dimensions must be aligned before comparing volumes? An organisation declares a 2023 activity in France and another in 2024 at European level under different scopes.
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Exercise: Reconcile an international identity
Which explicit mapping is missing from the file? An LEI record and a national register share a similar name. The national number and jurisdiction differ.
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Exercise: From legislative preparation to applicable text
Which record should be cited for the adopted wording? A preparation file reproduces a proposal. The adopted text has an amended article and another date.
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Exercise: Link an association and its notices
Which identifier anchors the chronology of the name change? A notice changes the name of an association identified by RNA. A similarly named company has a SIREN without a documented link.
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Exercise: Check VAT and identity separately
To which pair and date should the positive result be limited? A VAT-number check returns a dated positive result. Similar names appear in a register and an LEI record.
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Exercise: Scope financial authorisation
Are the offered activity and territory covered? An entity is listed for activity A in country X. The examined offer concerns activity B in country Y.
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Exercise: Distinguish grant, project and contract
Which amount, if any, describes a payment to the beneficiary? A beneficiary receives a grant of 100. A project reports a budget of 300 and a procurement notice an amount of 80.
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Exercise: Link a registered trial to publication
Should this count as one trial or two independent studies? Two portals reproduce one trial with primary and secondary identifiers. The article mentions only the secondary identifier.
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Exercise: Compare territorial aggregates
Which part of the difference could come from coverage? Two tables use one regional name. One covers three territories in 2020 and the other four in 2024.

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Choose a method

Start from a task: verify, compare, document or decide.

Check a source

Examine the origin, date, scope and limits of information.

Understand a term

Find definitions before applying a protocol.

How can I refine the search?

Start with the topic: Enter one or two specific terms: citation, CSV or provenance. Every word must be present, so a long sentence can exclude useful pages.
Broaden before filtering: Search all families first. Then select a guide, protocol or source according to the kind of answer you need.
Try different wording: Try a synonym or a term in the selected language. Quotes, OR and asterisks are not search operators.

DEEPER READING / PRACTICE

Turn internal search into a useful user journey

A query produces several close results. Reading should help to distinguish the need definition folder, detailed method and implementation tool.

Updated on 2026-10-21.

Priority checks

Formulate a specific need and then try neighboring terms. Read the descriptions and select the type of resource according to the searched step: understand, run or control.

Interpretation pitfalls

The first result is not always the best document to the context. An absence can come from the vocabulary used rather than a lack of content.

Working record to retain

A short route connects a need definition page, a guide and a checklist. Maintaining unresolved questions helps to rebuild research.

PRACTICAL CASE / WORKED EXAMPLE

A natural requirement does not match the exact title

The following case illustrates an approach to defining the need. Situations are pedagogical: they serve to examine the choices and conditions of success, without describing a fulfilled mission or announcing a guaranteed result.

Example context

A reader is looking for how to check a number, while the resources use the word indicator. The results must allow to continue despite a different formulation of the title.

Suggested approach

Try the neighboring terms and read the descriptions. Differentiate methods of calculation, comparison and verification of sources. Choose the resource that corresponds to the actually sought-by-step.

Conclusion and next step

Research becomes a path of solution. The questions still open serve to clarify the next query instead of multiplying the words without clear intention.

Questions for deeper practice

How do you improve a search without losing the initial need?

Keep the starting question and then specify the object, operation and resource type. Useful results give a complementary vocabulary, but their title should not automatically replace the reader's target.

DETAILED WORKSHOP / APPLICATION

Refine a query for the task to carry out

01 / Prepare the necessary information
Describe the initial question and the desired result. Identify the object, operation and type of resource that could help: file, method or tool.
02 / Carry out the approach
Try a formulation and read the descriptions. Release the useful terms and test the variants without giving up the intention. Compare the resources found according to their contribution to the route.
03 / Examine an alternative situation
If the results are close but too general, specify the operation or scope. A well-classed page is not necessarily the one that meets the searched step.
04 / Decide on the next step
Research is useful when it leads to a resource whose response can be identified. Open questions are used to prepare for the next consultation.
05 / Hand over the verification records
Keep a short track with request, resource and supplement. The reader can restart his work without repaired the tests that have led to useful content.

ANNOTATED WORKING DOCUMENT / REVIEW GRID

A track record from a request

The note retains question, tried formulations, useful results and next resource. It distinguishes the exploration vocabulary from the initial goal of the reader.

On a small screen, scroll the grid horizontally to read all three columns.

Example situations to assess
Observation	Supported interpretation	Next step
A resource responds to the desired operation.	The result can serve as a useful step in the course.	Keep the passage and choose the necessary supplement.
The results remain general despite the good topic.	The request must specify action, object or scope.	Try an appropriate formulation without losing the initial question.
The first result has the word but not the answer.	The presence of the term does not prove its relevance.	Read the descriptions and compare the contribution of resources.

Reviewing the working document

The final verification verifies that each step reduces an open question. A link list is not yet a useful path if the reader cannot explain what each page brings.

REPORTING / EXAMPLE WORDING

Presentation of results: Turn internal search into a useful user journey

Point to clarify

A search result must be judged according to its contribution to the searched operation.

Before handing over

Check that the track keeps the initial question despite the vocabulary variants.

Example of a qualified conclusion

The resource selected meets the described stage of the need. The questions still open guidelines the next consultation and remain distinct from the answer found.