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Guide
Diagnose a CSV file before using it
Check structure, missing values, duplicates and keys without changing the original file.
Guide
CSV dialect
A table’s delimiter, quoting, encoding and header conventions. Establish them before counting cells or interpreting values.
Services
CSV/JSON data review
What to prepare : Files stripped of unnecessary data, dictionary, keys, formats and quality rules. Delivery to agree : Classified anomalies, traceable examples and clear separation of fixes from exceptions.
Guide
Worked exercise · A CSV licence does not automatically cover its photo
Fictional example: the values and documents teach the method and do not describe a real organisation. You want to publish a chart based on the CSV and reuse the photograph on the same page. Terms apply to the objects shown.
Guide
Prepare a CSV before comparison or joining
A file may open correctly while containing ambiguous keys, duplicates or missing values. Check its structure before matching records. A structural profile and explicit join rule, documenting missing values and losses.
Guide
CSV: a displayed line is not always a record
Informational RFC 4180 describes a common comma format, not every dialect. Splitting on every comma and newline can destroy cells. Fragments here illustrate syntax, not actual observations.
Guide
Empty cells: CSV syntax alone does not determine meaning
W3C CSVW separates string value and semantic value. Quoting an empty string is not a data distinction in that model. These are CSVW rules, not universal SQL or spreadsheet import behavior.
Guide
Worked exercise · A file absent from HTML still feeds the build
Fictional example: the values and documents teach the method and do not describe a real organisation. source.csv appears in no rendered page. The current index works; the monthly script still reads this source to build the next index.
Guide
COG 2026: one code does not distinguish every territorial object
France’s 1 January 2026 COG has several entity types. Insee allows a commune and delegated commune to share a code. Twenty official CSV records checked 22 October 2026 illustrate joins, not an exhaustive directory or population series.
Dossier
Understand. Connect. Act.
Alexis Roux ZG, independent digital strategist since 1999. AI, web, OSINT, reputation and human connections. Understand, connect, act. France and international.
Dossier
Dossier command centre
Alexis Roux ZG dossier centre: AI, OSINT, SEO, SXO, GEO, LLMO, editorial architecture, reputation, sovereignty, monitoring and mission direction.
Dossier
Field guides
Practical guides to SEO, GEO, AI citations, structured data, agent evaluation and editorial maintenance.
Dossier
Digital intelligence glossary
Operational definitions for clear discussion of AI, OSINT, search, visibility, evidence and sovereignty.
Dossier
Public sources for verifiable OSINT research
76 documented registers, archives and open-data services: what to check, their limits and how to corroborate open-source findings.
Protocol
Assess a public dataset before reuse
A protocol for checking coverage, method, version, licence and limitations before analysing or publishing public data.
Guide
Compare public indicators without false equivalence
A method for comparing open statistics by checking populations, definitions, units, versions and uncertainty.
Tool
Review templates and registers
48 worksheets with fields, filled fictional examples and review rules connecting observations, limits and next actions.
Public source
data.gouv.fr
Discover datasets and APIs published by French authorities and other producers.
Public source
data.europa.eu
Search datasets indexed by the European data portal.
Public source
Eurostat · Data Browser
Compare European statistical series using dataset codes, dimensions, units and metadata.
Public source
Insee · Séries chronologiques
Find identified French statistical time series to track measured change.
Tool
Calculate change, percentage points and a combined rate
Four explained calculators: changes, percentage points, weighted rates and descriptive bounds for missing results.
Guide
Clean a web project without breaking the site
Separate served files, required data and working artifacts: reduce a project while preserving useful pages, languages and media.
Guide
Keep a reproducible version of public data
Connect source file, dates, schema and transformations: retain data that can be located, compared and reused without confusing an update, correction or change of scope.

Choose a starting point

Choose a method

Start from a task: verify, compare, document or decide.

Check a source

Examine the origin, date, scope and limits of information.

Understand a term

Find definitions before applying a protocol.

How can I refine the search?

Start with the topic: Enter one or two specific terms: citation, CSV or provenance. Every word must be present, so a long sentence can exclude useful pages.
Broaden before filtering: Search all families first. Then select a guide, protocol or source according to the kind of answer you need.
Try different wording: Try a synonym or a term in the selected language. Quotes, OR and asterisks are not search operators.

DEEPER READING / PRACTICE

Turn internal search into a useful user journey

A query produces several close results. Reading should help to distinguish the need definition folder, detailed method and implementation tool.

Updated on 2026-10-21.

Priority checks

Formulate a specific need and then try neighboring terms. Read the descriptions and select the type of resource according to the searched step: understand, run or control.

Interpretation pitfalls

The first result is not always the best document to the context. An absence can come from the vocabulary used rather than a lack of content.

Working record to retain

A short route connects a need definition page, a guide and a checklist. Maintaining unresolved questions helps to rebuild research.

PRACTICAL CASE / WORKED EXAMPLE

A natural requirement does not match the exact title

The following case illustrates an approach to defining the need. Situations are pedagogical: they serve to examine the choices and conditions of success, without describing a fulfilled mission or announcing a guaranteed result.

Example context

A reader is looking for how to check a number, while the resources use the word indicator. The results must allow to continue despite a different formulation of the title.

Suggested approach

Try the neighboring terms and read the descriptions. Differentiate methods of calculation, comparison and verification of sources. Choose the resource that corresponds to the actually sought-by-step.

Conclusion and next step

Research becomes a path of solution. The questions still open serve to clarify the next query instead of multiplying the words without clear intention.

Questions for deeper practice

How do you improve a search without losing the initial need?

Keep the starting question and then specify the object, operation and resource type. Useful results give a complementary vocabulary, but their title should not automatically replace the reader's target.

DETAILED WORKSHOP / APPLICATION

Refine a query for the task to carry out

01 / Prepare the necessary information
Describe the initial question and the desired result. Identify the object, operation and type of resource that could help: file, method or tool.
02 / Carry out the approach
Try a formulation and read the descriptions. Release the useful terms and test the variants without giving up the intention. Compare the resources found according to their contribution to the route.
03 / Examine an alternative situation
If the results are close but too general, specify the operation or scope. A well-classed page is not necessarily the one that meets the searched step.
04 / Decide on the next step
Research is useful when it leads to a resource whose response can be identified. Open questions are used to prepare for the next consultation.
05 / Hand over the verification records
Keep a short track with request, resource and supplement. The reader can restart his work without repaired the tests that have led to useful content.

ANNOTATED WORKING DOCUMENT / REVIEW GRID

A track record from a request

The note retains question, tried formulations, useful results and next resource. It distinguishes the exploration vocabulary from the initial goal of the reader.

On a small screen, scroll the grid horizontally to read all three columns.

Example situations to assess
Observation	Supported interpretation	Next step
A resource responds to the desired operation.	The result can serve as a useful step in the course.	Keep the passage and choose the necessary supplement.
The results remain general despite the good topic.	The request must specify action, object or scope.	Try an appropriate formulation without losing the initial question.
The first result has the word but not the answer.	The presence of the term does not prove its relevance.	Read the descriptions and compare the contribution of resources.

Reviewing the working document

The final verification verifies that each step reduces an open question. A link list is not yet a useful path if the reader cannot explain what each page brings.

REPORTING / EXAMPLE WORDING

Presentation of results: Turn internal search into a useful user journey

Point to clarify

A search result must be judged according to its contribution to the searched operation.

Before handing over

Check that the track keeps the initial question despite the vocabulary variants.

Example of a qualified conclusion

The resource selected meets the described stage of the need. The questions still open guidelines the next consultation and remain distinct from the answer found.