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Guide
Authority
Trust granted to a source based on evidence, consistency and citation.
Guide
Generative Engine Optimisation
Editorial and technical practices aimed at visibility in generative answers; no method guarantees a citation.
Public source
SAM.gov · Contract opportunities : Do two notices mean two contracts?
SAM.gov includes pre-solicitation, solicitation, award and sole-source notices.
Services
AI representation audit
What to prepare : Entity, queries, languages, surfaces and comparable observation conditions. Delivery to agree : Dated answers, checked citations and findings separated from test variability.
Services
SEO, SXO & GEO workshop
What to prepare : Participant objectives, representative pages and visibility questions to examine. Delivery to agree : Exercises distinguishing indexing, user journeys and verification of an AI citation.
Guide
Worked exercise · An identifier resolves to the right title, wrong item
Fictional example: the values and documents teach the method and do not describe a real organisation. The citation gives DOC-A but uses a table from DOC-B. Both identifiers resolve; compare the actual objects retrieved.
Dossier
How should a relevant link that does not support the sentence be classified?
Count the link as a present citation, then flag the unsupported claim. Keep the answer, passage and context to distinguish attribution problems from source-content deficiencies.
Tool
Filled fictional excerpt · Verify an AI summary before using it
Remove the supplier relationship: citation does not prove a contract or supply. Seek a document supporting this exact relationship, period and parties.
Tool
Unknowns in the results · View a worked decision
Fictional observation : Of 10 attempts, 3 citations, 5 answers without citations and 2 inaccessible answers are separated. Report 3/10 attempts or 3/8 readable answers depending on the question, naming the denominator and 2 unknowns.
Guide
Confusion matrices: identify axes before naming errors
Automatic citation or answer checks compare a decision with a reference annotation. Separate detection mistakes, annotation mistakes and swapped columns. scikit-learn puts reference labels in rows and predictions in columns; other displays may reverse them. Positive is fixed to 1 here.
Guide
Precision, recall and false-positive rate use different denominators
These unweighted binary formulas use a declared positive class. They can evaluate automatic presence annotations, without treating a brand mention as an accurate citation or useful outcome.
Guide
DuckDuckGo: separate search and assisted answers
When studying a citation, record the feature observed rather than treating all requests as one activity. The two documented crawlers serve different uses.
Dossier
Understand. Connect. Act.
Alexis Roux ZG, independent digital strategist since 1999. AI, web, OSINT, reputation and human connections. Understand, connect, act. France and international.
Dossier
Dossier command centre
Alexis Roux ZG dossier centre: AI, OSINT, SEO, SXO, GEO, LLMO, editorial architecture, reputation, sovereignty, monitoring and mission direction.
Dossier
Digital intelligence glossary
Operational definitions for clear discussion of AI, OSINT, search, visibility, evidence and sovereignty.
Dossier
AI and search ecosystem
Directory of major AI assistants, search engines and SEO, SXO, AEO, GEO and LLMO disciplines.
Dossier
Digital intelligence & OSINT
OSINT, monitoring, ecosystem mapping and digital due diligence by Alexis Roux ZG.
Dossier
Algorithmic influence
SEO, SXO, AEO, GEO, LLMO and digital authority by Alexis Roux ZG.
Dossier
Private AI agents
Private AI agents, controlled automation and editorial systems designed by Alexis Roux ZG.
Dossier
A background built on connections
Alexis Roux ZG, an independent digital strategist operating since 1999.
Dossier
Strategic notes
Alexis Roux ZG notes on AI, search, OSINT, reputation and digital sovereignty.
Dossier
Strategic digital audit
Strategic audit of digital presence, architecture, visibility, risk and governance by Alexis Roux ZG.
Dossier
Digital reputation & public footprint
Digital reputation diagnosis, semantic footprint and response scenarios by Alexis Roux ZG.
Dossier
SEO, SXO & GEO visibility architecture
Strategic guide to SEO, SXO, GEO, AEO and visibility in AI answers by Alexis Roux ZG.

Choose a starting point

Choose a method

Start from a task: verify, compare, document or decide.

Check a source

Examine the origin, date, scope and limits of information.

Understand a term

Find definitions before applying a protocol.

How can I refine the search?

Start with the topic: Enter one or two specific terms: citation, CSV or provenance. Every word must be present, so a long sentence can exclude useful pages.
Broaden before filtering: Search all families first. Then select a guide, protocol or source according to the kind of answer you need.
Try different wording: Try a synonym or a term in the selected language. Quotes, OR and asterisks are not search operators.

DEEPER READING / PRACTICE

Turn internal search into a useful user journey

A query produces several close results. Reading should help to distinguish the need definition folder, detailed method and implementation tool.

Updated on 2026-10-21.

Priority checks

Formulate a specific need and then try neighboring terms. Read the descriptions and select the type of resource according to the searched step: understand, run or control.

Interpretation pitfalls

The first result is not always the best document to the context. An absence can come from the vocabulary used rather than a lack of content.

Working record to retain

A short route connects a need definition page, a guide and a checklist. Maintaining unresolved questions helps to rebuild research.

PRACTICAL CASE / WORKED EXAMPLE

A natural requirement does not match the exact title

The following case illustrates an approach to defining the need. Situations are pedagogical: they serve to examine the choices and conditions of success, without describing a fulfilled mission or announcing a guaranteed result.

Example context

A reader is looking for how to check a number, while the resources use the word indicator. The results must allow to continue despite a different formulation of the title.

Suggested approach

Try the neighboring terms and read the descriptions. Differentiate methods of calculation, comparison and verification of sources. Choose the resource that corresponds to the actually sought-by-step.

Conclusion and next step

Research becomes a path of solution. The questions still open serve to clarify the next query instead of multiplying the words without clear intention.

Questions for deeper practice

How do you improve a search without losing the initial need?

Keep the starting question and then specify the object, operation and resource type. Useful results give a complementary vocabulary, but their title should not automatically replace the reader's target.

DETAILED WORKSHOP / APPLICATION

Refine a query for the task to carry out

01 / Prepare the necessary information
Describe the initial question and the desired result. Identify the object, operation and type of resource that could help: file, method or tool.
02 / Carry out the approach
Try a formulation and read the descriptions. Release the useful terms and test the variants without giving up the intention. Compare the resources found according to their contribution to the route.
03 / Examine an alternative situation
If the results are close but too general, specify the operation or scope. A well-classed page is not necessarily the one that meets the searched step.
04 / Decide on the next step
Research is useful when it leads to a resource whose response can be identified. Open questions are used to prepare for the next consultation.
05 / Hand over the verification records
Keep a short track with request, resource and supplement. The reader can restart his work without repaired the tests that have led to useful content.

ANNOTATED WORKING DOCUMENT / REVIEW GRID

A track record from a request

The note retains question, tried formulations, useful results and next resource. It distinguishes the exploration vocabulary from the initial goal of the reader.

On a small screen, scroll the grid horizontally to read all three columns.

Example situations to assess
Observation	Supported interpretation	Next step
A resource responds to the desired operation.	The result can serve as a useful step in the course.	Keep the passage and choose the necessary supplement.
The results remain general despite the good topic.	The request must specify action, object or scope.	Try an appropriate formulation without losing the initial question.
The first result has the word but not the answer.	The presence of the term does not prove its relevance.	Read the descriptions and compare the contribution of resources.

Reviewing the working document

The final verification verifies that each step reduces an open question. A link list is not yet a useful path if the reader cannot explain what each page brings.

REPORTING / EXAMPLE WORDING

Presentation of results: Turn internal search into a useful user journey

Point to clarify

A search result must be judged according to its contribution to the searched operation.

Before handing over

Check that the track keeps the initial question despite the vocabulary variants.

Example of a qualified conclusion

The resource selected meets the described stage of the need. The questions still open guidelines the next consultation and remain distinct from the answer found.