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  1. Guide

    Visual geolocation

    Comparison of visual clues with spatial references to support a place claim without automatic certainty.

  2. Guide

    Reverse image search

    Search for indexed versions of an image; it does not guarantee the original or capture date.

  3. Guide

    Web archive

    A dated copy available to an archive service; it does not validate the page’s claims.

  4. Guide

    Provenance manifest

    Assertions linked to a file and its history; technical validation does not prove a caption is true.

  5. Guide

    Agent mandate

    Explicit scope of tasks, data, tools and decisions an agent may use, including human approvals and exclusions.

  6. Guide

    Stop condition

    Predefined rule that suspends action when result, cost or risk exceeds the accepted scope.

  7. Guide

    Reference sample

    Fixed set of questions, situations or pages used to compare observations across a stable scope.

  8. Guide

    Competing hypothesis

    Alternative explanation retained until the available evidence can distinguish it from others.

  9. Guide

    Escalation threshold

    Observable criterion that moves a signal from routine monitoring to a designated decision or response.

  10. Guide

    Baseline

    Initial state measured with a known method and period, used to compare change without assuming its cause.

  11. Guide

    Control map

    Mapping of risks to safeguards, operating evidence, review frequency and owners.

  12. Guide

    Exit test

    Bounded exercise checking whether data and functions can be transferred or restored outside a supplier.

  13. Guide

    SIREN

    Nine-digit French identifier for a legal unit. It helps reconcile company records without implying that an address or establishment is the same.

  14. Guide

    SIRET

    Fourteen-digit French establishment identifier: a SIREN followed by an internal number. An establishment change may alter the SIRET without changing the SIREN.

  15. Guide

    Sirene status notice

    Snapshot of publishable Sirene information for a legal unit or establishment; Insee states that it has no legal value.

  16. Guide

    RNE

    French business register accessible through the INPI portal. Compare a record at its consultation date with the available filings and documents.

  17. Guide

    BODACC

    French publication of notices on events in business life. A notice documents a published event, not the whole current situation.

  18. Guide

    BRIS

    European infrastructure connecting national business registers; useful for tracing a cross-border company back to the issuing register.

  19. Guide

    RDAP

    Structured access protocol for domain or Internet resource registration data. Public fields may be limited and do not by themselves identify a site operator.

  20. Guide

    ASN

    Number identifying an autonomous system in Internet routing. A network relationship indicates infrastructure, not necessarily ownership of content.

  21. Guide

    Applicant

    Person or organisation named in a patent or trademark application. Distinguish it from the inventor, current owner and commercial operator.

  22. Guide

    Procurement notice

    Publication of a public purchasing stage. Check whether it announces competition, an award or a change before inferring a contract.

  23. Guide

    Dataset metadata

    Information on a dataset’s source, producer, period, coverage, format, updates and licence that shapes how it can be interpreted.

  24. Guide

    Temporal coverage

    Period represented by observations in a dataset, distinct from its publication and last update dates.