Choose a source family

Public data sources and comparable statistics

Choose a producer, catalogue or series by unit, coverage and research question.

Choose the right source

First define what a row represents: country-year, business, contract or observation. A data portal discovers resources; then inspect the producer, dictionary, licence and file version. For an international series, fix unit, population, frequency and processing before comparison.

Compare result types

data.gouv.fr and data.europa.eu catalogue resources. Insee, Eurostat and international organisations publish series and methods. Procurement notices and spending data describe procedures or flows; they do not automatically measure outcomes.

Reading example

Two tables report different amounts. Check currency, current or constant prices, period, coverage and revisions. A row duplicated by a join can inflate a total without a real change.

Sources in this family · 21

FR

data.gouv.fr

Discover datasets and APIs published by French authorities and other producers.

Check the chosen dataset’s publisher, coverage, licence, method and last update.

EU

TED — Tenders Electronic Daily

Explore published European public procurement notices, tenders and awards.

A notice does not prove contract delivery or outcome; read its stage and linked documents.

EU

data.europa.eu

Search datasets indexed by the European data portal.

The portal indexes metadata: open the publisher and check coverage and freshness.

US

USAspending.gov

Explore published US federal spending, contract and assistance award data.

Check definitions, reporting thresholds, corrections and lag before comparing amounts.

EU

Eurostat · Data Browser

Compare European statistical series using dataset codes, dimensions, units and metadata.

Check method, revisions and coverage; the live database may not retain past versions.

EU

CORDIS

Find EU framework-funded research projects, participants, reports and published deliverables.

Funding or a project summary does not prove industrial results or market launch; read dated deliverables.

UK

Find a Tender · UK

Search UK public procurement notices and their published stages.

Coverage varies by period, threshold and nation; a notice alone does not confirm contract performance.

US

SAM.gov · Contract opportunities

Search U.S. federal contract opportunities by agency, category and status.

An open opportunity is neither an award nor a payment; cross-check award records and dates.

FR

BOAMP

Search published French procurement, concession and award notices.

A notice records one procedural stage; check corrections and documents before inferring delivery.

FR

Insee · Séries chronologiques

Find identified French statistical time series to track measured change.

Keep the series code, unit, coverage, method and revisions; different scopes are not directly comparable.

CA

Open Government · Canada

Search datasets and information resources published by Canadian government institutions.

Check the chosen dataset’s publisher, geographic coverage, licence, method and date.

INT

OECD Data Explorer

Explore OECD socioeconomic series and indicators with their dimensions and metadata.

Compare countries and periods only after checking units, definitions, breaks and revisions.

INT

World Bank Open Data

Find development indicators by country, period and subject in the World Bank portal.

A value depends on its source, method, unit and coverage; it cannot establish a cause by itself.

EU

ECB Data Portal

Consult European Central Bank statistical series on money, markets and the economy.

Retain series code, frequency, unit, adjustment and date; a movement alone does not prove a policy effect.

INT

UN System Data Commons

Explore the common United Nations system data and statistics gateway; identify the producer of each indicator.

Check each table’s producer, coverage, definitions and date; two tables may follow different methods.

INT

WHO · Global Health Observatory

Explore WHO health indicators by topic, country and period.

Check definitions, coverage and dates; an aggregate series does not describe every local situation.

INT

UNESCO UIS · Data Browser

Consult UNESCO Institute for Statistics series on education, science and culture.

Check indicator, country availability, method and year; missing data is not a zero value.

INT

ILOSTAT

Search ILO statistics on employment, unemployment, wages and working conditions.

Distinguish national surveys from modelled estimates, and check definitions and series breaks.

INT

IMF Data

Examine IMF series on national accounts, prices, public finance and international trade.

Retain dataset, frequency, units and revisions before comparing values.

INT

FAOSTAT

Explore FAO statistics on agriculture, food, land and resources.

Check domain, method, unit and year; apparent availability does not directly measure consumption.

INT

UNHCR · Operational Data Portal

Consult UNHCR maps, tables and documents for displacement situations tracked by the portal.

Operational counts have dates, scope and method; they may be revised and do not cover every person.

Frequently asked questions

Can missing data be replaced with zero?

Only when the definition allows it. Missing, confidential, inapplicable and observed zero must remain distinct. Retain status codes.

Methods to follow

Official references

Choose a source family

Topic pages to select a service and understand what its result can establish.